Left Main Percutaneous or Surgical Revascularization and Subsequent Risk of Acute Kidney Injury: Insights From the LUCKY Registry

Abstract Background Recent evidence has rendered percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) a valuable alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD). Nevertheless, the optimal management and patients selection is still subject to discussion Methods We retrospectively included 431 patients treated with PCI and 324 patients treated with CABG with the primary objective of comparing procedural failure according to revascularization strategy. Secondary endpoints were post procedural and clinically relevant myocardial infarction, in-hospital stroke, major bleeding defined according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria, death, and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results There was no observed difference in the rates of procedure failure in patients who received PCI compared to patients who received CABG (4.6% vs 3.7%, respectively) odds ratio [OR] 1.26; (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.58-2.9, p= 0.52.) There was no significant difference in the defined ischemic outcome for PCI vs CABG (0.9% vs 2.4%, respectively) OR 0.37; (95% CI 0.08-1.4), P = 0.09. There was a mild increase in periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) after PCI (4.2% vs 1.5%) compared to CABG; (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 0.99-9.8, P = 0.034). On the contrary there was a higher risk of major bleeding and transfusions in the patients who had been treated with CABG who has a clinical profile suited for PCI. Conclusions PCI did not significantly increase the risk for procedural failure or ischemic events compared to CABG in patients with LM CAD. The higher risk for post-procedural MI after PCI was offset by a higher risk for major bleeding events and transfusion requirements in those undergoing CABG, especially for those who were clinically suited for PCI.