Diagnostics, clinical aspects and genetics of congenital corneal opacities

Background: Congenital corneal opacities are comparatively rare diseases with high amblyogenic potential. Purpose: The present work provides an overview of the diagnostics, clinical aspects and genetics of congenital corneal opacities. Methods: A literature search was carried out to compile an overview and illustration with own clinical case examples. Results: Differentiated diagnostics are of high importance in the treatment of patients with congenital corneal opacities. A close cooperation between the medical departments involved and also the parents is absolutely essential. The structured classification of congenital corneal opacities provides the basis for a targeted treatment. Discussion: The causes and the clinical symptoms of congenital corneal opacities are manifold. The correct diagnosis should be made early and in an interdisciplinary manner. Based on this, conservative and surgical treatment measures can be planned and an impending development of amblyopia can be specifically counteracted.