AMPK attenuates SHH subgroup medulloblastoma growth and metastasis inhibiting NF-kappa B activation

Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors. Metastasis and relapse are the leading causes of death in MB patients. The initiation of the SHH subgroup of MB (SHH-MB) is due to the aberrant activation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling. However, the mechanisms for its metastasis are still unknown.Results AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) restrains the activation of Shh signaling pathway, thereby impeding the proliferation of SHH-MB cells. More importantly, AMPK also hinders the growth and metastasis of SHH-MB cells by regulating NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Furthermore, Vismodegib and TPCA-1, which block the Shh and NF-kappa B pathways, respectively, synergistically restrained the growth, migration, and invasion of SHH-MB cells.Conclusions This work demonstrates that AMPK functions through two signaling pathways, SHH-GLI1 and NF-kappa B. AMPK-NF-kappa B axis is a potential target for molecular therapy of SHH-MB, and the combinational blockade of NF-kappa B and Shh pathways confers synergy for SHH-MB therapy.