Varroa Destructor Infestation Levels in Africanized Honey Bee Colonies in Brazil from 1977 when First Detected to 2020

Castilhos Dayson,Polesso Alana Maria, da Silva Alany Cristyane Felix, dos Santos Alexsandro Bispo, de Carvalho Lopes Alice Tâmara,de Oliveira Filho Aloísio Alkimim,da Cunha Ana Flávia Santos,Puker Anderson,Matioli André Luís, Campos Andréa Abreu Serrado,de Morais Andreia Lopes,Modro Anna Frida Hatsue, Neto Antônio Abreu Silveira, de Souza Moreira Pires Arthur, Biasi Caio,Peixoto Carine Mascena,da Cruz Mercês Carize,de Carvalho Carlos Alfredo Lopes,da Silva Paiva Charle,Pereira Daniel Santiago, Freire Daniel Santos,Souza Darcet Costa,De Jong David, Soares Diego Antônio Machado,de Araújo Neto Edgar Rodrigues,de Souza Eduardo Alves,Santos Eliaber Barros,Maia Emanuel,de Araújo Endrigo Adonis Braga,Lima Erica Gomes,Teixeira Érica Weinstein, do Nascimento Erika Gleice Menezes,Santos e Silva Fábio Adriano, Cappelari Fabrício Alaor, Sobrinho Fabricio Chagas,Fontes Felipe Mendes, Olinto Francisco Ariclenes, da Silva Francisco Everton Jales,Bergamo Genevile Carife, Rodrigues Geraldo Aparecido,Moretto Geraldo, Casadio Giliola Maria Lima, Bogus Gilson Marcos,de Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto,de Oliveira Neto Gleydson Luiz,Castagnino Guido, de Queiroz Guilherme Sampaio, Pires Gustavo Porfírio,da Silva Hemilly Marques, Neto Hilton Borges Silva, de Souza Nunes Hugo Thales,Oliveira Ingrid Pereira Pinto, Sambrana Isadora Rodriguez, Rocha Jean Samel, Banderó Jefferson Luiz, de Albuquerque João Gustavo Souza Sales,de Holanda Neto João Paulo,Kastelic John,Junior José Carlos Vieira Guerra, da Costa Joselly Rodrigues, de Jesus Jossivanio Santos,Bendini Juliana,Gramacho Kátia Peres, Souza Larissa, Leoni Lavínia Nascimento,Gonçalves Lionel Segui,Cestaro Lubiane Guimarães,da Silva Morais Lucas, Dantas Lucas Filipe Correia Franca, Serra Luciano Santana,de Abreu Lucilene, Borsuk Luís Carlos,Pinto Luís Fernando Batista, da Silva Luiz Amilo,dos Anjos Lima Luiz Arthur, Fogaça Maicon José, Issa Marcia Regina Cavichio,Correia-Oliveira Maria Emilene,Alves Maria Luisa Teles Marques Florencio,Barreto Marliton Rocha, Del Rey Matheus Carvalho, de Oliveira Costa Barbosa Matheus José, da Silva Matheus Roberto,Morais Michelle Manfrini, Vinhal-Silva Natália, de Oliveira Gomes Pâmela Tereza,Guimarães-Beelen Patrícia Mendes, de Sousa Patrick Oliveira, Costa Paulo Sérgio Cavalcanti, de Souza Pedro Acioli, de Paula Rafael, Mendes Raiane Barbosa,de Sousa Gomes Renata Valéria Regis,Santos Ricardo Gonçalves, Nascimento Roberto Junior Teixeira,Silveira Rodrigo Diniz, Cabral Rodrigo Silva,Torres Rodrigo,Beelen Roger, Pereira Rogério Aparecido,Rizzardo Rômulo Augusto Guedes, Cunha Sabrina Aparecida, Celmer Sandro Tarcísio, Estevan Sarajane,de Assis Junior Sebastião Lourenço, Maciel Silel Vinicius Simões Andrade, da Silva Silvio José Reis, Moreira Stephano,Schafaschek Tânia Patrícia, de Barros Tatiane Amaral, Ruela Tayana Holz, de Souza Vitena Thaís Menezes, Bridi Thaís Regina,Leite Vagner Maximino,dos Reis Vanderlei Doniseti Acassio, das Neves Vanessa Santos Louzado, de Medeiros Viviane Ferreira

Apidologie（2023）

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摘要

The objectives of this review article were to examine the dynamics of Varroa destructor infestation levels in Africanized honey bees (AHB) in Brazil, since this parasitic mite was first detected in 1977. Data from published research articles, conference proceedings, congress abstracts, and unpublished data obtained from academic researchers was included. Although mite infestations varied significantly along the years, there were no indications that varroa negatively impacted Brazilian apiculture. The mean infestation levels have remained around 4.5 mites per 100 adult bees, with a median of 3.8, during the last 45 years. Adult bee and worker brood infestation rates were found to be similar, though with some geographical variation, including a tendency for higher infestations in the southern regions of the country. Various researchers have suggested that the low infestation levels could be a consequence of the tropical and subtropical climate, honey bee hybridization, grooming and hygienic behaviors, honey bee and mite genetic factors, low nutritional stress, management practices, low migratory stress, and environmental conditions. The lack of a need for chemical treatment of varroa infestations facilitates apiary management and favors organic beekeeping throughout the country. However, though AHB colonies and beekeeping in Brazil thrive without the need for treatment measures, more research should be conducted to better assess the impact that the low varroa mite infestations have on AHB colony health and productivity.

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Apis mellifera,varroa,climate,nutrition,management

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