Breathprinting Analysis and Biomimetic Sensor Technology to Detect Lung Cancer.

At present, evaluation and screening for lung cancer are based on a combination of blood tests, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography.1-4 In early-stage tumors, imaging still yields high false-positive rates; therefore, definitive diagnosis relies on pathologic confirmation (ie, biopsy and surgery), which can result in complications.1,4-6 Moreover, up to 11% of resected small pulmonary nodules without preoperative pathologic confirmation are ultimately benign.7,8 Therefore, to increase diagnostic accuracy and ultimately change the fate of these patients, researchers and clinicians have strived to implement innovative and minimally invasive approaches to identify diagnostic biomarkers of lung cancer that are detectable in blood, urine, or exhaled breath.