Optimization of Morphogenesis and In Vitro Production of Five Hyacinthus orientalis Cultivars

To maximize the economic benefits of Hyacinthus orientalis L., the micropropagation and morphogenesis induction of five Hyacinthus cultivars were investigated under four different concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA) with two cytokinins, benzyl adenine (BA), or kinetin (Kin). Days for morphogenesis initiation and shoot formation in the red cultivars were fewer than in the blue and white cultivars. Blue cultivars showed an increase in fresh weight and chlorophyll content under either BA or Kin, but they showed an increase in shoot height in the BA treatments only. IAA at 1.5 mg/L caused a time reduction in days for morphogenesis induction and shoot formation and enhanced shoot height and fresh weight. Kin had a lesser impact than BA on all parameters at all concentrations. The number of shoots differed significantly among the cultivars. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced the highest percentage of root formation (93.3%), number of roots/plantlet (5.26), and root length (1.10 cm). The Jan Bos cultivar at 3.0 mg/L IBA had the highest mean rooting percentage (100%) and number of roots per plantlet (6.66), while Pink Pearl had the highest root length (1.39 cm).