Asymmetric double-sided electrochromic device based on metal-dielectric structured electrode

Electrochromic devices are widely used in smart windows, goggles, and anti-glare mirrors, exhibiting higher demand for color variety, especially in smart clothing, aerospace, and multi-color displays. However, current electrochromic materials ordinarily have a single-color modulation, which switches between two or three states. The application of multilayer metal-dielectric structured films as electrodes for electrochromic devices provides a wide variety of colors due to the superimposition of structural and electrochromic colors. This interference structure shows various stable structural colors, and no noticeable color change is observed in the angular range from 0 degrees to 45 degrees. Furthermore, the color starts to change asymmetrically when viewed from both sides due to the introduction of the metal layer. It can be observed that the front of the constructed electrochromic device is blue-green, and the back is purple when 3.5 V is applied. Therefore, the colors of electrochromic devices depend on the color-changing material itself and provide a wider color range through the design of the metal-dielectric structure, which creates a new direction in the aesthetic design of multi-color electrochromic devices.