Micro and meso fabrication emerged from Saffman-Taylor instability developed in Hele-Shaw cell

The development of viscous fingering patterns using fluid shaping techniques is required to mimic several natural and biological systems. The conventional Hele-Shaw cell and Lifting Plate Hele-Shaw cell perform fluid shaping operations. These apparatuses have great scientific importance in studying the Saffman-Taylor instabilities phenomenon. The instabilities are developed at the fluid-fluid interface due to one of the fluids displacing the other in the mixture. This unstable interface creates a resemblance of fingers due to viscosity. Hence it is called viscous fingering. The viscous fingers are developed due to less viscous fluid displacing the more viscous fluid confined between two parallel plates of the Hele-Shaw cell apparatus. The fluid patterns are nothing but the instabilities that are developed at the fluid-fluid interface. The main reason for getting desired patterns are suitable anisotropies, the difference in viscosity, adequate fluid injection velocity, and lifting velocity of lifted Hele-Shaw cell. This paper briefly overviews some theoretical, practical, and simulation strategies used in the Hele-Shaw cell for fingering instabilities. Also, some critical process parameters required for pattern generation are studied and presented.