The Motivation to Teach Computer Science (MTCS) scale: development, validation, and implications for use

Background and ContextAs computer science (CS) education expands and the need for well-prepared CS teachers grows, understanding what motivates teachers to teach CS can help address challenges to recruiting, preparing, and retaining teachers.ObjectiveThe goal of this work was to develop and validate a scale that measures teachers' motivation to begin teaching CS.MethodItems were field tested with CS teachers. Exploratory factor analysis (n=167) resulted in an 18-item scale measuring four factors of teachers' motivation related to external pressures, external benefits, student benefits, and personal enjoyment. Confirmatory factor analysis (n=495) was used to assess construct validity of the final scale.FindingsResults indicate that the scale is reliable and measures four distinct, but related, constructs of teacher motivation on a continuum from external to increasingly internal.ImplicationsResearchers and practitioners can utilize this scale to understand teachers' motivations to teach CS and explore how these motivations relate to CS teacher recruitment, preparation, and retention.