Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay strategies based on a hexagonal Ru-MOF and MoS₂@GO nanosheets: detection of 5-fluorouracil in serum samples

Herein, a competitive-type electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was fabricated. Ruthenium(ii)-metal-organic framework (Ru-MOF) nanosheets were selected to act a promising ECL luminophore using tris(4,4 '-dicarboxylic acid-2,2 '-bipyridyl) ruthenium(ii) dichloride (Ru(dcbpy)(3)(2+)) as the organic ligand. The two-dimensional (2D) Ru-MOF nanosheets achieved an increased loading of Ru(dcbpy)(3)(2+) and effectively prevented leakage of the ECL emitter during application, which exhibited satisfactory ECL performance. Thin two-dimensional MoS2@GO was used to modify the electrode as the sensing platform for improving the electron transfer rate and loading more 5-FU coating antigens due to its large specific surface area and piezoelectric catalytic efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed immunosensor presented high sensitivity, a wide detection range (0.0001 ng-100 ng mL(-1)), a low limit of detection (0.031 pg mL(-1), S/N = 3), good specificity and stability. Furthermore, the immunosensor was successfully applied for the detection of 5-FU in human serum samples with satisfactory results, proving this strategy has potential applications in bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis.