Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from Large Epidemiological Studies

Lipoprotein(a) is causally associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in both primary and secondary prevention settings and in multiple ethnicities. We here provide a brief overview of how general population studies were essential in elucidating the relationship between elevated lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease and highlight evidence from noteworthy contemporary general population studies that demonstrate this association. Additionally, we provide information on relative and absolute risk estimates of cardiovascular disease according to lipoprotein(a) levels derived from general population studies and describe where knowledge gaps remain and thus where further studies are needed.