A review on the research paradigms and the grounded theory in qualitative studies in the field of tourism

Although the number of qualitative studies in the field of tourism has increased, errors in applying the research paradigm and methodology are still common. This study aims to address the qualitative research paradigm and methodologies, with a particular emphasis on the grounded theory, which is commonly used in qualitative research. This research examines various research paradigms, such as positivism, post-positivism, critical theory, and constructivism, as well as their ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions. The concept of grounded theory and its evolution are discussed. Furthermore, the research paradigm, research method, research cases, as well as criticisms and credibility for various types of grounded theory, are discussed. Finally, recommendations for encouraging appropriate qualitative research are provided. It is hoped that this study will spark lively debates about the research paradigm and methodologies of qualitative studies in tourism.