Landslide monitoring and triggering mechanism detection in case of composed landslide in northwestern Slovenia

<p>The study deals with the composed landslide Urbas, located in the hinterland of the densely populated settlement in northwestern Slovenia at the foothills of the Karavanke mountain ridge. The Urbas landslide was recognized as the largest landslide among five other landslides that pose a direct danger to the underlying settlement of Koro&#353;ka Bela. The Urbas landslide has a length of 500 m and a width of about 440 m. The landslide covers an area of 177,000 m2. The formation of the Urbas landslide is related to complex geological and tectonic conditions. It is defined as a rotational landslide and was formed at the tectonic contact between the Triassic carbonate and the Carboniferous clastic rocks, mainly composed of siltstone and claystone. To determine the characteristics and mechanism of the Urbas landslide, several investigations and monitoring projects have been carried out using data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a wire extensometer, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and hydrometeorological sensing (groundwater table, precipitation). The results of this study show that the dynamics of the Urbas landslide exhibited different kinematic trends associated with different triggering mechanisms, depending on local geological and hydrogeological conditions. Consequently, certain parts of the landslide are at different evolutionary states and respond differently to the same external triggers.</p> <p><strong>Reference:</strong> Peternel, T.; Jan&#382;a, M.; &#352;egina, E.; Bezak, N.; Ma&#269;ek, M. Recognition of Landslide Triggering Mechanisms and Dynamics Using GNSS, UAV Photogrammetry and In Situ Monitoring Data. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 3277. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143277</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> This research was funded by Slovenian Research Agency through grants Z1-2638, P1- 0419, P2-0180 and <span class="TextRun SCXW265751346 BCX9" lang="SL-SI" xml:lang="SL-SI" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW265751346 BCX9">J6-4628</span></span>. Additional financial support was provided by the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, and the Municipality of Jesenice.&#160;&#160;&#160;</p>