Environmental Impact of One-Step Hydrothermal Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles in DI Diesel Engine Performance Analysis Using Duel Fuel

Everywhere in the world, the need for diesel fuel has been going up in recent years. Biodiesel fuels have the potential to become a good replacement for diesel, which is used a lot to meet current and future needs. This fuel can be made from new or used vegetable oils, assets that aren't good for humans to eat, and animal fat, all of which are non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable. Even though there are many ways to use biodiesel, most researchers have said that it produces more harmful NOx emissions than diesel, which is a reason why the market for these fuels hasn't grown more. Diesel engines are causing more pollution, so people are looking for other ways to get rid of it and save the world. Nanocatalyst has a big effect on how an engine burns fuel, how well it runs, and how much pollution it puts out. Adding nanocatalyst to the biodiesel is a way to make it last longer, but it might change the way the fuel burns easily. In this study, a direct injection diesel engine was used to test diesel with one-step hydrothermal green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, lemongrass oil, and Karanja oil. Different amounts of straight diesel are mixed with biodiesel made from unique feedstock, e.g., 80