Temporal variations in fumarole gas chemistry at Teide volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands

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<p>Monitoring the volcanic activity of Teide, the only active stratovolcano in Tenerife, the largest island of the Canary Islands, is extremely important for the prevention and reduction of the volcanic disasters of the island. As part of the geochemical monitoring of the Teide volcanic activity, during the last three decades the volcano has been the subject of a geochemical monitoring of the fumarole discharges, characterized by low flux emission of fluids with temperatures of &#8764;83&#176;C, located at the Teide summit crater (P&#233;rez et al., 1992 and 1996; Meli&#225;n et al., 2012). Teide fumaroles show chemical compositions typical of hydrothermal fluids, i.e., meteoric steam dominates the gas composition, followed by CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, HCl, Ar, CH<sub>4</sub>, He, and CO (P&#233;rez et al., 1992). The temporal variations in fumarole gas chemistry at Teide volcano was useful to detect significant changes in the chemical composition of the Teide fumarole, including the appearance of SO<sub>2</sub>, and increases in the HCl and CO concentrations, one year before a seismic crisis that occurred in Tenerife Island between April and June 2004, what suggested that the associated temporal changes in seismic activity and magmatic degassing indicate that geophysical and fluid geochemistry signals in this system are unequivocally related (Meli&#225;n et al., 2012). The average of the air-corrected <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratio during the period 1991-2022 was 6.80 R<sub>A</sub> (being R<sub>A</sub> the atmospheric ratio), with the maximum value of the time series (7.57 R<sub>A</sub>) measured in August 2016, when an input of magmatic fluids triggered by an injection of fresh magma and convective mixing took place beneath Teide volcano (Padr&#243;n et al., 2021). After such input of magmatic fluids, increases in the CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O, C/S and He/CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, a decrease in the CO/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio were observed together with a significant increase in the seismic activity recorded in the island of Tenerife. This work highlights the important role of volcanic gases in the monitoring of volcanic activity, paying attention to different chemical and isotopic species in the fumarolic discharges.</p> <p>&#160;</p> <p>Meli&#225;n G.V. et al., (2012), Bull. VolcanoL. 74, 1465&#8211;1483.</p> <p>Padr&#243;n E. et al., (2021), J. Geophys. Res. 126, e2020JB020318.</p> <p>P&#233;rez N.M. et al., (1992), Actas de las sesiones cient&#237;ficas. III Congreso Geol&#243;gico de Espa&#241;a, 1, 463&#8211;467.</p> <p>P&#233;rez N.M. et al., (1996), Geophys. Res. Lett. 23(24), 3531&#8211;3534.</p> <p>&#160;</p> <p>&#160;</p>
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