Meaningful subnational reporting on the SDGs: the case of mountain biodiversity protection

Abstract Indicators of biodiversity protection at the national level are used to assess progress towards global goals but provide little information at conservation-relevant scales. We provide SDG indicator 15.4.1 on mountain biodiversity protection for individual mountain ranges and further perform an area-based calculation compatible with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. We enable the identification of mountain areas in need of conservation and discuss differences between area- and official site-based indicator values.