Red Tilapia By-Product (Oreochromis Sp.) Hydrolysates: Bioactivities, Bioprocessing, and Potential Applications

The aquaculture and fishery industry has expanded dramatically in recent years, producing by-products that are still underutilised. This article provides a detailed review of relevant observations and studies that encompasses current research on the red tilapia by-product as a precursor for ACE-inhibitory peptides. The review includes (i) red tilapia by-product generation and its potential protein precursor for bioactive peptides, (ii) current findings on bioactive peptides and their mechanism, (iii) common and new empirical approaches to bioactive peptides production, and (iv) limitation and future outlook of bioactive peptides which includes molecular dynamics simulation and bioinformatic approach.