Study of Individual Field Isolates of the Genus Fusarium for the Ability to Synthesize Complex Proteins

Micromycetes play a major role in the symbiotic processes of flora and fauna. Filamentous fungi can be valuable and promising sources of raw materials in the production of lectins, which are used for the manufacture of antiviral drugs, in the treatment of gastrointestinal and heart diseases of various etiologies. Among the many biological objects studied, field isolates, which have the ability to synthesize proteins of plant origin, are of interest. Phytoaglutenins are plant proteins that can recognize and bind carbohydrate groups without chemically binding them, making them a unique and invaluable tool in the field of glycoconjugative, biomedical and therapeutic research. Plant lectins, glycoproteins, play a major role in protecting plants from insects and various phytopathogens. The purpose of our work was to secure soil isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium, to study morphological properties, and determine their ability to synthesize lectins. Four isolates of F. moniliforme, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, and F. avenaceum were secured from the soil substrate. The morphological study of the strains and the determination of their ability to synthesize plant proteins were carried out. During the screening, by the agglutination reaction with rabbit erythrocytes, it was found that the secured F. graminearum field isolate is not capable of synthesizing plant proteins. Filamentous fungus F. avenaceum 25 showed an average amount of lectins. The highest activity was found in the F. moniliforme 27 isolate, which, upon further study, is able to become a bioproducer for the production of lectins. The study of lectin activity in field isolates of the genus Fusarium was based on their biological spectrum and the profile of carbohydrate inhibition. The activity of plant proteins in micromycetes directly depended on the time of cultivation. In this study, an attempt was made to study the activity of lectin in fungi of the Fusarium species that have not been previously investigated. Securing the lectins from the constituent of filamentous fungi is relevant today due to its antitumor, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activity.