Effects of the various types of Shikohin consumption on resilience and psychological well-being in Japanese people

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Shikohin consumption on resilience and psychological well-being as a function of consumption situations (consuming it with other people or alone) and types of Shikohin (alcohol, coffee, tea, tobacco). Methods: A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted, with the help of a research company, among 705 participants in each of the four major Shikohin groups. Results: Situation-specific analyses indicated that consuming Shikohin with other people facilitated communication; enhanced cognition and utilization of environmental resources (an aspect of resilience); and increased autonomy, environmental control, and positive relationships with others (GFI=.931, RMSEA=.071), which are factors of psychological well-being. Regarding consuming Shikohin alone, it was shown that consumption for emotional and cognitive control promoted self-empowerment, positive mood, concentration, enhanced cognition and utilization of personal resources, and increased autonomy (GFI=.910, RMSEA=.069). Comparisons among the four major Shikohin groups showed that in situations involving consumption with other people, the association between consumption behavior with others and communication promotion was stronger for coffee and tea than for alcohol, and in situations involving consumption alone, the association between positive effects of consumption and resilience was stronger for tea than for alcohol and coffee.