Ionospheric Electron Density Model by Electron Density Grid Deep Neural Network (EDG-DNN)

Electron density (or electron concentration) is a critical metric for characterizing the ionosphere's mobility. Shortwave technologies, remote sensing systems, and satellite communications-all rely on precise estimations of electron density in the ionosphere. Using electron density profiles from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (Constellation Observation System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) from 2006 to 2013, a four-dimensional physical grid model of ionospheric electron density was created in this study. The model, known as EDG-DNN, utilizes a DNN (deep neural network), and its output is the electron density displayed as a physical grid. The preprocessed electron density data are used to construct training, validation, and test sets. The International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI) was chosen as the reference model for the validation procedure since it predicts electron density well. This work used the IRI-2016 version. IRI-2016 produced more precise results of electron density when time and location parameters were input. This study compares the electron density provided by IRI-2016 to the EDG-DNN to assess the merits of the latter. The final results reveal that EDG-DNN has low-error and strong stability, can represent the global distribution structure of electron density, has some distinctive features of ionospheric electron density distribution, and predicts electron density well during quiet periods.