Evaluation of the Differences in the Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern in Precolostral Serum of Farm Animal Neonates

The objective of this study was to compare the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in newborn calves, lambs, goat kids and piglets in precolostral blood samples. Blood samples were collected within 30 min of birth, prior to ingestion of first colostrum, and the concentrations of total proteins and protein fractions were analyzed using electrophoresis on agarose gel. The size and shape of the protein fractions on the electrophoretograms differed among the investigated animal species. Significant differences were found in the total protein values and all the separated protein fractions, as well as albumin to globulin ratio (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). The mean total protein concentration in piglets was lower compared to ruminants. Albumin concentrations were markedly higher, and the concentrations of α1-globulins were lower, in neonatal ruminants compared to piglets. The values of α2-globulins were higher in lambs and goat kids, and lower in calves and piglets. An opposite tendency was found in the values of β-globulins: a detectable amount of γ-globulins was recorded in all evaluated animal species. Presented results suggest marked species related differences in the shape and size of protein fraction among neonates of farm animal species, and the importance of the evaluation of electrophoretograms with regard to these findings.