Determinants of ischemic heart disease among cardiac patients admitted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study

AimIschemic heart disease is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and will be Africa's leading cause of death by 2030 unless measures taken to tackle it. There is a paucity of data in Ethiopia regarding ischemic heart disease and its determinants. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the proportion and determinants of ischemic heart disease among cardiac patients admitted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020.Subject and methodsAn institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 adult cardiac patients from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. A computer-generated simple random sampling technique was used to select each patient chart. Data were entered into EpiData 4.2 and analyzed by STATA 14.0. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinants of ischemic heart disease, and model fitness was checked using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance.ResultsOf 423 charts reviewed, 402 were analyzed. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease was 18.7%. Male sex [AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.17-4.31], smoking [AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.41-6.81], hypertension [AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.49-6.53], and diabetes [AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.35-5.93] were significantly associated with the development of ischemic heart disease among cardiac patients.ConclusionA significant number of cardiac patients developed ischemic heart disease. Ischemic heart disease was associated with male sex, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Focusing special attention on the modifiable risk factors of the cardiac problem is crucial to avert the catastrophic effects of ischemic heart disease.