Penioctadecatrienoic A: A New Polyketide from Endophytic Fungus Penicillium Pinophilum J70

: Chemical examination of the rice solid fermented cultures of the fungus Penicillium pinophilum J70 isolated from the fresh leaves of Hypericum japonicum Thumb led to the isolation of one new polyketide, namely penioctadecatrienoic A ( 1 ), together with two known compounds ( 2 and 3 ). The structure of the new metabolite 1 was resolved on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR and HRESIMS data), in association with the modified Mosher's method for the absolute configurational assignment. All isolated metabolites were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against ECA-109, the anti-inflammatory activity against NO production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and the antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. As a result, compounds 1‒3 showed moderately anti-inflammatory effects with the inhibitory rates ranging from 44.5% to 60.7% at the concentration of 20 μ M. In addition, compound 1 exhibited weakly antibacterial effect with an MIC value of 32 µ g/mL.