The Effect of the COVID Pandemic Lockdown Measures on Surgical Emergencies: Experience and Lessons Learned from A Greek Tertiary Hospital.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a rise in healthcare demands and has necessitated a significant restructuring of hospital Emergency Departments.The present study aims to determine the pandemic lockdown's impact on the number of patients seeking assessment in the Surgical Emergency Department (SED) with General Surgery emergencies. Methods: Since the start of the Covid pandemic in Greece (1 March, 2020) and up to 15 December 2020, the charts of all patients arriving at the SED of the third surgical department of the “Attikon” University Hospital (a tertiary referral center for surgical and COVID-19 cases) were retrospectively reviewed and broken down in four periods reflecting two nationwide lockdown (period A; 1/3/2020 to 30/4/2020 and period D; 16/10/2020 to 15/12/2020) and two interim (period B; 1/5/2020 to 15/6/2020 and period C; 15/9/2020 to 30/10/2020) periods. Demographic and clinical data were compared to those obtained from the same time periods of the year 2019.Results:The total number of patients attending the SED decreased by 35.9% during the pandemic (from 2839 total patients in 2020 to 1819 in 2019). During the first lockdown, there was a statistically significant reduction of motor vehicle accidents (p=0.04) and torso injuries (p=0.01). A rise in the rate of traumatic brain injuries (p<0.001), abdominal pain (p=0.04) and hospital admissions (p=0.002) was also evident. During the second lockdown, there was a reduction in the number of perianal abscess cases (p=0.04) and hernia-related problems (p=0.001). An increase in the rate of fall injuries was also demonstrable (p=0.02).Conclusion: The burden of the new COVID-19 disease has left a noticeable imprint in the function of emergency departments worldwide. In Greece, implemented lockdown measures significantly impacted the SED attendance rates, the clinical characteristics of the attending patients and the overall hospital admission rate. The long-term effects on national health systems remain to be seen.