Eco-friendly synthesis of Ag-doped ZnO/MgO as a potential photocatalyst for antimicrobial and dye degradation applications

•Biosynthesized PNMs (Ag, MgO, ZnO) and their NCs, for exploring antimicrobial and dye degradation applications.•Plant extract-based synthesis of PNMs and NCs offering green, inexpensive solutions for sustainable environment.•Unique pigments enhancing improved e− and h+ transfer rates, extending photocatalytic response to the visible light spectrum.•Plant phytochemicals as reducing agents, stabilizers, and capping agents for nanoparticles formation with higher purity and homogeneity.•Insights into green synthesis, comparing them to physical and chemical approaches, aiming to advance understanding and future research.