Potential thyroid hormone disorder risks of tire antioxidants to aquatic food chain organisms after absorbing free radicals in marine and freshwater environments

•Reaction paths of various tire antioxidants and free radicals were inferred.•Tire antioxidant reduction capacity was characterized by density functional theory.•N-octanol/water partition coefficient is correlated with the reduction ability.•Derivatives of the antioxidant TMQ had a high risk of developmental toxicity.