Inflammation, Thyroid Hormone Metabolism, and Treatment Outcome, Among Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) Naturalistically Treated With Ketamine or ECT

Elevated inflammation is associated with poorer depression treatment outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. Inflammation decreases the relative availability of the active thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) in the nonthyroidal illness syndrome, but the relationship between inflammation, thyroid hormone metabolism, and treatment outcome has not been evaluated among depressed patients and may have implications for guiding treatment.