Genetic causes of macrozoospermia and proposal for an optimized genetic diagnosis strategy based on sperm parameters.

Macrozoospermia,characterized by the presence of large-headed spermatozoa usually carrying several flagella,is one of the most severe phenotypes of male infertility.As in most cases,the gametes are chromosomally abnormal and cannot be used for assis-ted reproductive technologies(ART)(Ray et al.,2017).