Chemical looping reforming characteristics of methane and toluene from biomass pyrolysis volatiles based on decoupling strategy: Embedding NiFe2O4 in SBA-15 as an oxygen carrier

•Decoupling strategy and embedding strategy were proposed for biomass conversion.•NiFe2O4@SBA-15 achieved 97.50 % toluene conversion and high oxygen conversion.•The kinetic mechanism was determined to be the phase boundary-controlled.•The reaction path and rate-limiting steps were explored based on in-situ DRIFTS.