Acute Leukemia Relapse After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Isolated Extramedullary Relapse in a Latin American Population.

Relapse and iEMR rates were higher when compared with the previously reported by other cohorts. Advanced disease, reduced intensity conditioning, and diminished graft-versus-leukemia effect were factors influencing these findings. At relapse, presenting with iEMR, after 6 months, and receiving intensive therapy with adequate response were associated with better outcomes. Our results strongly suggest that a personalized approach when treating patients with HSCT is needed to counterbalance specific adverse factors and can positively impact on clinical outcomes.