Operative standards for sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer: review of the American College of Surgeons commission on cancer standards 5.3 and 5.4.

Nodal staging for invasive breast cancer remains an important component of curative intent therapy with implications for multidisciplinary decision-making. Surgical management of the axilla has seen transformative paradigm shifts over the past several decades with increased emphasis on de-escalation, where appropriate, to minimize morbidity without compromising oncologic outcomes. 1 Shubeck S.P. Morrow M. Dossett L.A. De-escalation in breast cancer surgery. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2022; 8: 25 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar Despite the dynamic aspect of clinical management and decision-making, the operative techniques for nodal surgery in breast cancer treatment remain unchanged and critically important.