Versatile hydrogel facilitating angiogenesis and cell recruitments for enhanced calvarial bone regeneration

A versatile biomimetic hydrogel has been successfully designed with strong mechanical properties and high protein affinity ability, robust antioxidant activity and high osteoinduction. In vitro and in vivo results indicate that the versatile gel can remarkedly promote cranial bone regeneration through facilitating growth factor expression, endogenous cell recruitment and angiogenesis. The novel and versatile hydrogels present an optimal bone substitute for cranioplasty application.