COVID-19 and Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between COVID-19 related variables and hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) incidence.DATA SOURCES:The authors searched four databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The literature search contained key terms such as COVID-19, hospital-acquired pressure injuries, pressure ulcer, pressure injury, decubitus ulcer, and hospitalization.STUDY SELECTION:The systematic search of the literature identified 489 publications that matched the inclusion criteria. This included peer-reviewed publications that reported HAPI incidence for patients who were hospitalized and COVID-19 positive. Two reviewers performed the screen simultaneously and 19 publications were included.DATA EXTRACTION:Two reviewers followed a standardized extraction form that included study and patient characteristics, COVID-19 status, HAPI characteristics, prone positioning, length of hospitalization, and HAPI prevention and treatment strategies.DATA SYNTHESIS:A narrative synthesis of the extracted data was carried out because the data obtained were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. The primary outcome was HAPI incidence.CONCLUSIONS:This review identified that HAPI incidence was high among men who were COVID-19 positive, had longer hospital stays, experienced prone positioning, and had care teams without a skin and wound care expert. Future research should employ more robust methodology and focus on quantitative modeling to iteratively improve in-patient HAPI guidelines.