An impressive pristine biochar from food waste digestate for arsenic(V) removal from water: Performance, optimization, and mechanism.

Anaerobic digestion has become a global practice for valorizing food waste, but the recycling of the digestate (FWD) remains challenging. This study aimed to address this issue by utilizing FWD as a low-cost feedstock for Ca-rich biochar production. The results demonstrated that biochar pyrolyzed at 900 °C exhibited impressive As(V) adsorption performance without any modifications. Kinetic analysis suggested As(V) was chemisorbed onto CDBC9, while isotherm data conformed well to Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 76.764 mg/g. Further analysis using response surface methodology revealed that pH value and adsorbent dosage were significant influencing factors, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation visualized the formation of ionic bonds between HAsO and CaO(110) and Ca(OH)(101) surfaces. This work demonstrated the potential of using FWD for producing Ca-rich biochar, providing an effective solution for As(V) removal and highlighting the importance of waste material utilization in sustainable environmental remediation.