Analysis of artificial insemination center management factors that contribute to sperm parameters and boar longevity with a major focus on PGF₂ treatment

Lay Summary In many artificial insemination (AI) centers, prostaglandin products are used routinely to enhance the mounting behavior of boars with libido problems and to expedite the training of young boars to mount an artificial sow and allow semen collection. Recent studies examining the influence of prostaglandin-F-2 & alpha; (PGF(2 & alpha;)) on sperm quality are still rare and present low sample sizes and diverse results. The aim of this study was to analyze AI center management factors that affect boar longevity and sperm parameters with a main focus on PGF(2 & alpha;) treatment. The analysis compares sperm parameters of 40,765 ejaculates and the longevity of 823 PGF(2 & alpha;)-treated and untreated AI boars based on 4 yr of data. Sperm parameters were assembled by computer-assisted sperm analysis. The results revealed that not only boar age, breed, semen collection technician, season, and the monthly collection frequency contributed significantly to the sperm parameters, but also the treatment with PGF(2 & alpha;). While we found at least greater values for ejaculate volume, total sperm number, and total and progressive motility for untreated boars, the longevity at AI center was not affected by PGF(2 & alpha;) treatment. Rather, the boar's age at first semen collection session and the semen collection frequency had significant influence on the survival time of AI boars. Artificial insemination (AI) centers' economic profitability is directly impacted by the amount of high-quality sperm doses. Many internal and external factors contribute to the quality of ejaculates. To enhance the libido and to reduce the time that is required to train boars for semen collection, prostaglandin products are used routinely at AI centers. The objectives of this study were to analyze sperm parameters of 40,765 ejaculates and the survival of 406 PGF(2 & alpha;)-treated and 417 untreated AI boars of five breeds (Duroc [DU], Large White [LW], Landrace [LR], Pietrain [PI], and Large White Sire Line [LS]). Data were assessed in one AI center in Switzerland from 2018 to 2022 and sperm parameters were determined by computer-assisted sperm analysis immediately after semen collection. For further calculations, the ejaculates were divided into four groups depending on the boar's age at semen collection day: 7 to 11, 12 to 18, 19 to 24, and 25 to 87 mo. Along with the boar age, breed, season, and semen collection frequency even the treatment with PGF(2 & alpha;) had significant influence on sperm parameters. Overall, 19.5% ejaculates were collected after PGF(2 & alpha;) treatment. For every age and breed group, higher ejaculate volume was found for untreated boars than for PGF(2 & alpha;)-treated boars (P < 0.001). Higher values for total and progressive sperm motility, total sperm number, and the proportion of morphologically normal sperm were observed in untreated boars across several age and breed groups. Only for sperm concentration, higher values were found for treated boars older than 11 mo (P < 0.001) and the breeds DU, LW, and LR (P < 0.001). The chance of ejaculates being rejected for AI purposes because of low sperm quality was 21% greater for treated boars. There was no difference in survival between treated and untreated boars. The hazard for boar removal increased with decreasing age at first semen collection and decreasing semen collection frequency. The results reveal better sperm quality for untreated boars than for PGF(2 & alpha;)-treated boars, which might indicate that the underlying fertility of boars necessitating treatment is inferior compared to boars that can be collected without further treatment. Therefore, AI boar stations that are aiming to reduce PGF(2 & alpha;) treatment should pay special attention to high libido and fertility of young prospective AI boars(.) This study analyzed sperm parameters of 40,765 ejaculates to determine AI centers' management factors that contribute to sperm parameters and longevity in AI boars with a main focus on the PGF(2 & alpha;) treatment. Boar records were analyzed to determine differences in sperm quality and longevity in 823 boars treated with or without PGF(2 & alpha;). While greater values for ejaculate volume, total sperm number, total and progressive motility and morphology were found for untreated boars, PGF(2 & alpha;)-treatment had no influence on boars' longevity at AI center.