Transport and Energetics of Bacterial Rectification
arxiv(2023)
摘要
Randomly moving active particles can be herded into directed motion by
asymmetric geometric structures. Although such a rectification process has been
extensively studied due to its fundamental and technological relevance, a
comprehensive understanding of active matter rectification based on single
particle dynamics remains elusive. Here, by combining experiments, simulations,
and theory, we study the directed transport and energetics of swimming bacteria
navigating through funnel-shaped obstacles – a paradigmatic model of
rectification of living active matter. We develop a microscopic parameter-free
model for bacterial rectification, which quantitatively explains experimental
and numerical observations and predicts the optimal geometry for the maximum
rectification efficiency. Furthermore, we quantify the degree of time
irreversibility and measure the extractable work associated with bacterial
rectification. Our study provides quantitative solutions to long-standing
questions on bacterial rectification and establishes a generic relationship
between time irreversibility, particle fluxes, and extractable work, shedding
light on the energetics of non-equilibrium rectification processes in living
systems.
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