The effect of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells on ovarian folliculogenesis, angiogenesis and collagen volume in female rats affected by the polycystic ovary syndrome

Background Infertility is one of the common problems among couples, affecting millions of people worldwide. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the main causes of infertility in women and is associated with abnormal folliculogenesis, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Common treatments may lead to numerous adverse effects on the patient’s quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells on the ovarian histology of a PCOS model of Wistar rats. Results Based on the Papanicolaou test and H&E staining results, the number of primary, secondary and antral follicles in the PCOS and PCOS-Sham groups significantly increased compared to the control group, while they significantly decreased in the PCOS + Stem cells group compared to the PCOS and PCOS-Sham groups. Further, the number of atretic follicles in both PCOS and PCOS-Sham groups significantly increased in comparison with the control group and decreased in the PCOS + Stem cells group, compared to the two mentioned groups. Moreover, the Graafian follicles number was decreased in the PCOS and PCOS-Sham groups to significantly increase in the PCOS + Stem cells group. Based on Masson’s trichrome staining, the number of blood vessels in PCOS and PCOS-Sham groups significantly increased compared to the control group, while a decrease was observed in the PCOS + Stem cells group, compared to PCOS and PCOS-Sham groups. Conclusion The administration of MenSCs improved folliculogenesis in rats with polycystic ovaries. Also, MenSCs could ameliorate PCOS symptoms by improving fibrosis as well as angiogenesis and weight gain.