BIM and GIS integration: lessons learned from multiple case studies

Building information modelling (BIM) and geographic information systems (GIS) are two key concepts for the digital built environment vision. Although they provide digital representations and are complementary, they have different focus and purposes. There is a lack of research particularly on a macro level for their practical integration. This study adopted multiple case studies as its research strategy to explore the BIM and GIS integration at a multinational design and consultancy company. The paper contributes to knowledge by outlining the benefits, challenges and lessons learned for the BIM and GIS integration from a management, technical and process perspective.