Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia: Systematic review and analysis of the 37 cases reported so far.

Pier Paolo Bassareo,Sophie Duignan,Adam James,Esme Dunne,Colin J McMahon, Kevin P Walsh

World journal of clinical cases（2023）

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摘要

ILVAH is a multifaceted entity with a so far unpredictable course, ranging from benign until the elderly to sudden death during adolescence.

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关键词

Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia, Truncated left ventricle, Electrocardiography, Echocardiography, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, Heart failure

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