The role, formation and characterization of LiC6 in composite lithium anodes

To solve the problems of large volume changes and the formation of lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries,the in-corporation of carbon into the lithium metal anodes has gained considerable attention due to its excellent chemical and electrochem-ical stability,as well as its exceptional mechanical strength that allows repeated cycling.This review provides a comprehensive over-view of the formation of lithiated graphite(LiC6)and its role in both bulk and electrode-electrolyte interface regions during lithium plating and stripping.In bulk form,LiC6 has excellent lithiophilic properties,reducing the overpotential for lithium nucleation and promoting uniform lithium deposition.Additionally,when LiC6 is introduced at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces,it improves con-tact between the electrode and electrolyte by acting as a buffering layer,thereby reducing interfacial impedance.Finally,prospects and challenges for the development of Li/C composite anodes are discussed.