Immunomodulatory Effects of Nervonic Acid in RAW264.7 Macrophages

The present work studies the immunomodulatory potential of nervonic acid (NA) on the growth and proliferation of murine RAW264.7 macrophages. The immunomodulatory effects of NA were assessed through the evaluation of nitric oxide (NO) levels, cytokine secretion, phagocytic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and nuclear factor-& kappa;B (NF-& kappa;B) signaling pathway of RAW264.7 macrophages. The methodology used included a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), neutral red phagocytosis test, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence, respectively. Obtained outcomes pointed to NA as a potential promoter of the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-& alpha; (TNF-& alpha;), interleukin-1 & beta; (IL-1 & beta;), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ROS in RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, the expression of iNOS, TNF-& alpha;, IL-1 & beta;, and IL-6 mRNA was upregulated. Besides, the expression of TLR4 protein and the phosphorylation level of NF-& kappa;B were increased in RAW264.7 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner when compared against the control. As a conclusion, NA can activate the NF-& kappa;B signaling pathway through the TLR4 signaling pathway, which has immunomodulatory potential.