Public Perceptions of Genomic Studies and Hereditary Diseases in Aari Community, South Omo Zone, Ethiopia

Background Genetic and genomic research is revolutionizing precision medicine; however, addressing ethical and cultural aspects is crucial to ensure ethical conduct and respect for community values and beliefs. This study explored the beliefs, perceptions and concerns of the Aari community in South Ethiopia regarding genetic concepts, hereditary diseases and ethical research practices related to sample collection, storage and sharing. Methods In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with community elders, health officials, tuberculosis patients and apparently healthy individuals. Data were thematically analysed using MAXQDA software. Results Participants identified diseases such as podoconiosis, leprosy, goitre and epilepsy as hereditary and perceived some as 'curses' due to generational impact and social stigma. Disease susceptibility was attributed to divine intervention or factors such as malnutrition and sanitation. Although hereditary diseases were considered unavoidable, in some cases environmental factors were acknowledged. Participants shared personal examples to demonstrate inheritance concepts. Blood held cultural significance, and concerns about its potential misuse resulted in scepticism towards giving samples. Conclusions This study emphasizes the significance of comprehending local beliefs and perceptions and stresses the need to establish effective communication, build trust and address underlying causes of hesitancy to improve recruitment and ensure ethical conduct.