Kinetic modeling of MHD parameters of mildly-relativistic shocks

Mildly-relativistic outflows with shocks of velocities 0.1-0.7c were deduced from multiwavelength observations of powerful fast transient sources. These outflows are associated with merging relativistic objects, relativistic supernovae and fast blue optical transients. Relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) models of these objects rely on the equation of state of the fluid, which is a collisionless plasma with a contribution of non-thermal components. In this paper, we present kinetic simulations of mildly-relativistic shocks with Particle-in-Cell and Monte-Carlo techniques to derive the adiabatic index of plasma in the shock downstream directly from the particle distributions, which can be implemented into the RMHD models.