Recovery of chemical energy from retentates from cascade membrane filtration of hydrothermal carbonisation effluent

Organic fraction of municipal solid waste is a type of biomass that is attractive due to its marginal cost and suitability for biogas production. The residual product of organic waste digestion is digestate, the high moisture content of which is a problem, even after mechanical dewatering, due to the significant heat requirement for drying. Hydrothermal carbonisation is a process that can potentially offer great benefits by improved mechanical dewatering and valorisation of the digestate into a better-quality solid fuel. However, such valorisation produces liquid by-product effluent rich in organic compounds. Membrane separation could be used to treat such effluent and increase the concentration of the organic compounds while at the same time facilitating the recovery of clean water in the permeate. This work presents the results of the investigation performed using polymeric membranes. The study showed that membrane separation keeps a significant fraction of organics in the retentate. Such concentration significantly increases the biomethane potential of such effluent as well as the energy that could be theoretically used for the generation of process heat using the concentrated retentate in the wet oxidation process.