Green Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Nanoparticles with Focus on Au Nanoparticles for Investigation of E-coli Detection and Treatment

The green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles has become an area of great interest due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. The use of green-synthesized nanoparticles in biomedical applications, particularly in the detection and treatment of bacterial infections, has gained significant attention in recent years. Among the various types of inorganic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied for their potential applications in the detection and treatment of Escherichia coli as known E. coli infections. This review provides an overview of the green synthesis and characterization of inorganic nanoparticles, with a focus on AuNPs, and their applications in E. coli detection and treatment. The review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of green synthesis methods. The characterization techniques used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS & Zeta potential analysis are also discussed. The review further highlights the potential of AuNPs in E. coli detection and treatment, including their use as labels in lateral flow immunoassays and as antimicrobial agents. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of green-synthesized AuNPs in E. coli detection and treatment are discussed. In the end, this review emphasizes the significance of green synthesis techniques in the creation of inorganic nanoparticles with prospective uses in biology.