Investigating sagittal spinopelvic alignment and equivalent stress on the femoral head in patients with rapidly destructive coxarthrosis

Purpose Rapidly destructive coxarthrosis (RDC) is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology. This study evaluated sagittal spinopelvic alignment (SSPA) in patients with RDC and compared it with that in patients with hip osteoarthritis (HOA). In addition, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to investigate the distribution of stress on the femoral head in RDC versus HOA. Methods This retrospective study included patients who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty for RDC ( n = 33) and HOA ( n = 99; age- and sex-matched to patients with RDC) at three hospitals from June 2014 to September 2020. Preoperative SSPA parameters and inflammatory blood markers were compared between the two groups. FEA on the computed tomography data was performed for four patients from each group with similar pelvic tilt (PT) and lateral center–edge angle (LCEA). The distribution of Drucker–Prager equivalent stress was assessed at the loaded area of the femoral head. Results Patients with RDC had significantly higher PT, lower sacral slope, decreased lumbar lordosis (LL), higher sagittal vertical axis, and higher pelvic incidence minus LL than patients with HOA, indicating sagittal spinal imbalance. Blood test revealed patients with RDC had higher levels of inflammation markers than patients with HOA. FEA revealed no statistically significant difference in the degree of stress concentration or the maximum equivalent stress between the two groups when PT and LCEA were comparable. Conclusion Patients with RDC tend to have sagittally imbalanced spine. Decreased acetabular coverage of the femoral head may heighten mechanical load of the hip joint in patients with RDC.