Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Silico Analysis of the Methanolic Leaf and Flower Extracts of Clitoria ternatea

Infectious diseases pose a signi-cant threat to human health worldwide. To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive study on the leaf and /ower extracts of Clitoria ternatea plants. Our research encompassed in vitro assessments of their antibacterial, antibio-lm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. Additionally, we employed in silico screening to identify promising compounds with potential applications in developing novel anti-Escherichia coli medications. Notably, our investigation revealed a remarkable inhibition zone of 13.00 +/- 1mm when applying the leaf extract (200 %g/ml) against E. coli, showcasing its potent antibacterial properties. Furthermore, both the leaf and /ower extracts exhibited substantial bio-lm inhibition e9cacy against S. aureus, with inhibition percentages of 54% and 58%, respectively. In the realm of antioxidant activity, the leaf and /ower extracts of C. ternatea displayed noteworthy DPPH free radical scavenging capabilities. Speci-cally, the leaf extract exhibited a substantial activity of 62.39% at a concentration of 150 %g/ml, while the /ower extract achieved 44.08% at the same concentration. Our study also evaluated the impact on brine shrimp, where the /oral extract displayed a signi-cantly higher mortality rate of 93.33% at a dosage of 200 %g/ml compared to the leaf extract. To elucidate potential therapeutic targets, we utilized molecular docking techniques, focusing on the acbR protein (5ENR) associated with antibiotic resistance in E. coli. In this analysis, compounds isolated from the C. ternatea leaf extract, namely D1 (CID-14478556), D2 (CID-6423376), and D3 (CID20393), exhibited binding energies of -8.2 kcal/mol, -6.5 kcal/mol, and -6.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, compounds from the /ower extract, E1 (CID-5282761), E2 (CID-538757), and E3 (CID-536762), displayed binding energies of -5.4 kcal/mol, -5.3 kcal/mol, and -5.1 kcal/mol, respectively. In conclusion, the leaf and /ower extracts derived from C. ternatea represent a promising natural resource with potential therapeutic applications in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.