Harnessing plant microbial fuel cells for resource recovery and methane emission reduction in paddy cultivation

•Plant-MFC conceptualised for onsite recovery of nutrients from paddy cultivation.•The cathode chamber of the plant-MFC yielded a total of 1.27 L of catholyte.•An additional floating cathode enhanced the sustainability of the plant-MFC system.•Biochar served dual-purpose, acting as soil amendment and part of plant-MFC anode.•Biochar amendment & MFC integration reduced paddy microcosms' methane-flux up to 57 %.