Prediction model for cognitive impairment in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Purpose To explore the risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and construct a predictive model for cognitive impairment. Methods A total of 146 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing MHD were recruited at our hospital between December 2021 and April 2022. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and scores of < 26 were considered indicative of cognitive impairment. Risk factors were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to construct the prediction model. Cognitive impairment risk was categorized using a multifactorial prediction model based on the weight of evidence. Results 46 patients with cognitive impairment were identified, with a prevalence of 31.5% in ESRD patients undergoing MHD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the following factors were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing MHD: aged 55.0–64.0 years (OR:6.24; 95%CI:1.81–21.48; P = 0.001), aged 65.0–74.0 years (OR:16.10; 95%CI:4.03–64.37; P < 0.001), aged ≥ 75.0 years (OR:90.22; 95%CI:16.86-482.86; P < 0.001), duration of dialysis ≥ 5 years (OR:3.99; 95%CI:1.58–10.04; P = 0.003), and current smoker (OR:4.61; 95%CI:1.46–14.57; P = 0.009). The predictive value of the constructed model based on the aforementioned factors for cognitive impairment was 84% (95%CI,77-91%). The prevalence of cognitive impairment for patients at low, moderately low, moderately high, and high risk was 0% (95%CI:0-17%), 10% (95%CI:3-22%), 32% (95%CI:16-52%), and 65% (95%CI:50-78%), respectively. Conclusions This study constructed a multifactorial prediction model with a high predictive value for cognitive impairment in patients with ESRD undergoing MHD.