Maximizing the pozzolanic potential of superfine iron tailings for low-carbon stabilization: Application of high-calcium geopolymer

•How to turn many tailings that occupy land resources and pose environmental threats into usable treasures is a key issue.•The application effect of ASF is about two times better than that of cement from a strength perspective.•The main product is highly cross-linked C-A-S-H, and ASF can activate tailings’ pozzolanic activity to form Mg-products.•The recycling of tailings with low environmental risks can move us to a circular economy and increase public acceptance.•Tailings solidified by new binder can uptake CO2, and future research should determine the storage capacity.